Which of the following contributes to deterrence?

The correct answer focuses on the use of nuclear submarines and carrier strike groups as critical components that contribute to deterrence. Deterrence is the strategy of preventing aggression by demonstrating the capability and willingness to retaliate effectively against threats or attacks.

Nuclear submarines serve as a powerful deterrent due to their stealth, mobility, and ability to carry nuclear weapons, ensuring a second-strike capability in the event of a nuclear attack. This presence in international waters sends a clear message to potential aggressors that any hostile actions could provoke a devastating response. Similarly, carrier strike groups project power and provide a force capable of rapid deployment and strike at a moment's notice, further reinforcing the deterrent effect through visible military strength.

While establishing peace treaties and conducting humanitarian missions are vital for fostering international relations and stability, they do not directly contribute to deterrence in the same way that military capabilities do. On the other hand, restricting military capabilities can undermine deterrence by signaling a lack of readiness or reduced ability to respond to threats, potentially inviting aggression rather than deterring it.