What are the five essential functions of the Sea Services according to the Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower?

The five essential functions of the Sea Services according to the Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower are focused on ensuring maritime security and operational effectiveness in a variety of scenarios. The functions of all domain access, deterrence, sea control, and power projection are critical to maintaining the United States’ position as a dominant maritime power.

All domain access involves operating in and maintaining access to critical areas in the global commons, allowing for the quick maneuvering of forces where needed. Deterrence is about preventing aggression through the display of credible military capabilities and readiness. Sea control is essential for ensuring that U.S. forces can operate freely at sea while denying adversaries the same capability. Power projection highlights the ability to deploy military forces effectively across the globe, influencing outcomes and supporting allies.

The other choices include functions that, while important, do not encapsulate the five essential functions as defined in the Cooperative Strategy. For example, references to maritime strategy or coalition building represent broader strategic concepts rather than specific operational functions.